Composite materials consisting of polymeric matrix materials and natural or synthetic layered minerals like clays were prepared by using special compatibilizing agents between the two intrinsically non-miscible materials. These compatibiliseres are block- or graft copolymers combining one part of the polymer identically and/or completely miscible with the organic polymer (matrix compound) an another part compatible/miscible with the natural mineral. The interaction between the first part of the compatibiliser is preferentially an ionic interaction or an interaction via H-bonds. This interaction leads to a separation of the mineral into single sheets and a subsequent homogeneous incorporation of these sheets into the polymer matrix material.